大氣(qi)(qi)污染(ran)是全球目前(qian)最突出的(de)(de)環(huan)境問(wen)題之一,其污染(ran)物的(de)(de)主要來(lai)源(yuan)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢氣(qi)(qi),工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢氣(qi)(qi)由于生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝不同(tong)(tong),產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)污染(ran)物種類不同(tong)(tong),不同(tong)(tong)污染(ran)物種類應采(cai)用(yong)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。
1、油煙除塵廢氣治理
1)主要(yao)來(lai)(lai)源:工業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)各(ge)種有機(ji)物廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi),主要(yao)包括(kuo)各(ge)種烴類(lei)(lei)(lei)、醇類(lei)(lei)(lei)、醛類(lei)(lei)(lei)、酸類(lei)(lei)(lei)、酮類(lei)(lei)(lei)和胺類(lei)(lei)(lei)等。這些廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)的來(lai)(lai)源十分廣(guang)泛,其中一些化(hua)學行(xing)(xing)業(ye) 石化(hua)、有機(ji)合成反應設(she)備(bei)排(pai)氣(qi),印刷行(xing)(xing)業(ye)印墨中有機(ji)溶劑,機(ji)械(xie)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)機(ji)械(xie)噴漆,金屬(shu)制品產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的氣(qi)味,汽(qi)車行(xing)(xing)業(ye)汽(qi)車的噴漆、干燥爐鑄件(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)排(pai)氣(qi),五(wu)金、家私廠噴涂設(she)備(bei)排(pai)氣(qi)等。
2)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)的危(wei)害:在(zai)生(sheng)產中(zhong),有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)的排放一(yi)直(zhi)是一(yi)個(ge)很突出的問(wen)題,絕大(da)多數有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)對人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)的健(jian)康都有(you)害。如有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)通(tong)過呼(hu)吸道和皮(pi)膚(fu)進入人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)后,能(neng)給人(ren)(ren)的呼(hu)吸、血(xue)液(ye)、肝臟等系統和器官造成暫(zan)時性(xing)和yong久性(xing)病變(bian),尤其是苯并芘類多環(huan)芳(fang)烴能(neng)使人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)直(zhi)接(jie)致(zhi)癌,危(wei)害人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)健(jian)康。
有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)廢氣(qi)還會(hui)造(zao)成嚴重的(de)大氣(qi)污染(ran)。一些(xie)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)進入(ru)大氣(qi)后(hou),在一定條件下(xia)形(xing)成光(guang)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)煙(yan)霧,造(zao)成二次污染(ran);一些(xie)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)進入(ru)平流層后(hou),在紫外線的(de)照射下(xia)與(yu)臭氧發生光(guang)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)反應(ying),造(zao)成臭氧層空洞(dong);一些(xie)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)具有(you)(you)(you)惡臭污染(ran)和(he)有(you)(you)(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)兩(liang)重性(xing);還有(you)(you)(you)一些(xie)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)會(hui)引(yin)起溫室效應(ying)。
3)廢氣治(zhi)理方法(fa):
a.水膜除塵 活性碳(tan)吸附法;
b.干式過濾除(chu)塵(chen) 活性碳吸附法
c.活性碳吸附 催化燃燒法;